// Andrew Martin
// Demonstration of precedence and associativity
// of arithmetic and Boolean operators in C++

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
float y = 0;;
int z = 0;
float returnFloatAndIncrement ()
{
	y++;
	return 5.0;
}
int returnIntAndIncrement ()
{
	z++;
	return 5;
}


int main()
{
	float a, b, c;
	int m, n, o;
	bool d, e, f;
//Begin Associativity Tests
	cout << "Precedence tests:\n";
	cout << "Test - Addition and Multiplication:\n";
	a = 2 + 3 * 4;
	b = 2 + (3 * 4);
	c = (2 + 3) * 4;
	if (a == b)
		cout << "\tMultiplication has precedence.\n";
	else if (a == c)
		cout << "\tAdditions has precedence.\n";

	cout << "Test - Subtraction and Division:\n";
	a = 2 - 3 / 4;
	b = 2 - (3 / 4);
	c = (2 - 3) / 4;
	if (a == b)
		cout << "\tDivision has precedence.\n";
	else if (a == c)
		cout << "\tSubtraction has precedence.\n";

	cout << "Test - Addition and Modulo:\n";
	a = 2 + 3 % 4;
	b = 2 + (3 % 4);
	c = (2 + 3) % 4;
	if (a == b)
		cout << "\tModulo has precedence.\n";
	else if (a == c)
		cout << "\tAdditions has precedence.\n";

// The hardest part here was finding situations that will
// deliver correct results for boolean testing.
	cout << "Test - AND and OR:\n";
	d = false && false || true;
	e = false && (false || true);
	f = (false && false) || true;
	if (d == e)
		cout << "\tOR has precedence.\n";
	else if (d == f)
		cout << "\tAND has precedence.\n";

	cout << "Test - EQUAL-TO and OR:\n";
	d = false == true || true;
	e = false == (true || true);
	f = (false == true) || true;
	if (d == e)
		cout << "\tOR has precedence.\n";
	else if (d == f)
		cout << "\tEQUAL-TO has precedence.\n";

	cout << "Test - NOT-EQUAL and AND:\n";
	d = true != false && false;
	e = true != (false && false);
	f = (true != false) && false;
	if (d == e)
		cout << "\tAND has precedence.\n";
	else if (d == f)
		cout << "\tNOT-EQUAL has precedence.\n";
	
//Begin Associativity Tests
// For these tests, the function returnIntAndIncrement()
//	and returnFloatAndIncrement() increments y by 1 and returns
//	the value of 5 and 5.0 respectively.
//	This allows determination of which side is evaluated first.
//	Although the text shows Addition and Multiplication as left 
//	associative, but for some reason these tests below evaluate
//	the right side first.
	cout << "\nAssociativity Tests:\n";
	cout << "Test - Addition:\n";
	z = 1;
	m = z + returnIntAndIncrement();
	n = 6;
	o = 7;
	if (m == n)
		cout << "\tAddition is left associative.\n";
	else if (m == o)
		cout << "\tAddition is right associative.\n";

	cout << "Test - Subtraction:\n";
	y = 8;
	a = y - returnIntAndIncrement();
	b = 3;
	c = 4;
	if (a == b)
		cout << "\tSubtraction is left associative.\n";
	else if (a == c)
		cout << "\tSubtraction is right associative.\n";		
		
	cout << "Test - Multiplication:\n";
	z = 8;
	m = z * returnIntAndIncrement();
	n = 40;
	o = 45;
	if (m == n)
		cout << "\tMultiplication is left associative.\n";
	else if (m == o)
		cout << "\tMultiplication is right associative.\n";		
		
	cout << "Test - Division:\n";
	y = 20.0;
	a = y / returnFloatAndIncrement();
	b = 4.0;
	c = 4.2;
	if (a == b)
		cout << "\tDivision is left associative.\n";
	else if (a == c)
		cout << "\tDivision is right associative.\n";	
		
	cout << "Test - Modulo:\n";
	z = 8;
	m = z % returnIntAndIncrement();
	n = 3;
	o = 4;
	if (m == n)
		cout << "\tModulo is left associative.\n";
	else if (m == o)
		cout << "\tModulo is right associative.\n";	
		
	return 0;
}