Computer, GPS, & Autopilot Data Connections


Install a DB-9 pigtail for interfacing a laptop or handheld GPS

When first installing the fixed GPS ( Garmin 125) and interfacing it with the autopilot ( ST4000) I was using PC based charting software to develop waypoints and routes. As the base gps couldn't easily be taken to the PC.  The solution was to load from the PC into a handheld gps and then do a gps to gps transfer on the boat.  A pigtail with a female DB-9 connector was hard wired to the gps data bus which made it simple to connect the handheld gps using its data wire which also has a DB-9 connector for the interface to the PC. 

This was simple to do by Xing (out to in, in to out - null modem) the data connections on the male to male adapter needed to mate the two female pigtails.  The adapter was made from two male DB-9 connectors screwed together with standoffs and wired of course in the X configuration.  Later when I bought a lap top and began running onboard charting software,  I simply connected my computer to the DB-9 pigtail which provided data communications between the gps and the computer. 

The pigtail also will connect the handheld gps to to the autopilot should the base gps fail.

While wiring your gps to the autopilot, simply add the pigtail to the bus.  The following pinouts should be of help.

GPS 125
  1. Red,  12-18v dc
  2. Black,  dc ground,  and [NMEA -] of autopilot
  3. Blue,  NMEA out,  this wire connects to the autopilot NMEA + , and the data pigtails pin  2 on the DB-9 connector
  4. Brown,  NMEA in, this wire connects to the data pigtails pin 3 on the DB-9 connector
  5. White,  no connection
  6. Green,  no connection
  7. Yellow,  alarm low, this is for connection of an external alarm
GPS 45
  1. Red,  15-40 v dc
  2. Black,  ground
  3. White,  data in,  connect to DB-9 pin 3
  4. Brown, data out,  connect to DB-9 pin 2
Autopilot

     NMEA IN + ,  connects to the gps blue , NMEA out of the gps 125
     NMEA IN - ,   this pin (the most confusing of the installation) connects to the black wire of the gps 125,  it is a data ground wire and needs to go to the gps ground rather than grounding at the autopilot
DB-9 Pig tail in boat connected to the NMEA bus (female)
  1. n/c
  2. data out, connects to blue NMEA out of gps,             Mates to DB-9 Pin 2 data in on computer
  3. data in,  connects to brown NMEA in of gps,             Mates to DB-9 Pin 3 data out on computer
  4. n/c
  5. ground                                                                       Mates to DB-9 Pin 5 ground on computer
  6. n/c
  7. n/c
  8. n/c
  9. n/c
DB-9 Adapter (null modem, two male Db-9s back to back)  Used when transferring data between the hand and base gps units.

    2.  crossed to pin 3 of the other connector
     3.  crossed to pin 2 of the other connector
     5.   ground  to pin 5 ground

DB-9 Cable for handheld gps (female)

   2.  connected to brown data out of GPS 45
    3.  connected to white data in of GPS 45
    5.  connected to black ground of GPS 45

Serial Cable  (male - male)

Finally, one extension cable is used to connect the handheld gps to the computer or boats pig tail... it has male connectors at each end.  This allows the handheld to reach into the cockpit and serve as a backup to the fixed mounted gps.


Serial Port Connections

PIN PURPOSE SIGNAL NAME
Pin 1 Data Carrier Detect DCD
Pin 2 Received Data RxData
Pin 3 Transmitted Data TxData
Pin 4 Data Terminal Ready DTR
Pin 5 Signal Ground Gnd
Pin 6 Data Set Ready DSR
Pin 7 Request To Send RTS
Pin 8 Clear To Send CTS
Pin 9 Ring Indicator RI

Note: The three yellow terminals are used when connecting the computer to a gps.

Warning:  Several inquires have been made because of difficulties getting communication between the gps and autopilot.  Very often the problem is that the data ground of the autopilot is not routed to the ground of the gps.  This is confusing, as the gps has no data ground, it's tempting to think that the wire from the autopilot NMEA- should be taken to ground at the autopilot installation.  While I don't know the reason this doesn't work... the NMEA- should be taken to the black ground wire of the gps, at the gps.  Doing so has proved to establish communication on numerous installations that otherwise wouldn't work or worked erratically.



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