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RUSSIAN – ENGLISH MILITARY TRANSLATION

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Translation Domains:
  • Air Forces
  • Ground Forces
  • Naval Forces
  • Strategic Missile Forces
  • Aerospace Operations

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CONTEMPORARY MILITARY TERMINOLOGY

  • êðûëàòàÿ ðàêåòà àâèàöèîííîãî áàçèðîâàíèÿ (ÊÐÀÁ) = air-launched cruise missile (ALCM)

  • êðûëàòàÿ ðàêåòà, çàïóñêàåìàÿ ñ ïîäâîäíîé ëîäêè (ÊÐÏË) = submarine-launched cruise missile (SLCM)

  • êðûëàòàÿ ðàêåòà íàçåìíîãî áàçèðîâàíèÿ (ÊÐÍÁ) = ground-launched cruise missile (GLCM)

  • àâèàöèîííàÿ áàëëèñòè÷åñêàÿ ðàêåòà (ÀÁÐ) = air-launched ballistic missile (ALBM)

  • áàëëèñòè÷åñêàÿ ðàêåòà, çàïóñêàåìàÿ ñ ïîäâîäíîé ëîäêè (ÁÐÏË) = submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM)

  • áàëëèñòè÷åñêàÿ ðàêåòà íàçåìíîãî áàçèðîâàíèÿ (ÁÐÍÁ) = ground-launched ballistic missile (GLBM)

  • ìåæêîíòèíåíòàëüíàÿ áàëëèñòè÷åñêàÿ ðàêåòà (ÌÁÐ) (ÌÊÁÐ) = intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM)

  • çåíèòíàÿ óïðàâëÿåìàÿ ðàêåòà (ÇÓÐ) = surface-to-air missile (SAM)


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      RUSSIAN MILITARY DISTRICT HIGHLIGHTS

      Äàëüíåâîñòî÷íûé Âîåííûé Îêðóã (ÄÂÎ) Far East Military District

    • Commanded by a colonel-general with main headquarters in Khabarovsk as 1 of 6 military districts.
    • The Far East Military District is comprised of combined arms armies; army corps; motorized rifle divisions and brigades; artillery divisions, brigades and regiments; tank division; airborne brigade; SAM brigades and SAM regiment; separate helicopter regiments; and district training centers.

      • Ëåíèíãðàäñêèé Âîåííûé Îêðóã (ËÂÎ) (ËåíÂÎ) Leningrad Military District

    • Commanded by a lieutenant-general with main headquarters in St. Petersburg as 1 of 6 military districts.
    • The Leningrad Military District is comprised of an airborne division; motorized rifle brigades; SAM brigades; artillery regiments and brigades; and separate helicopter regiment.

      • Ìîñêîâñêèé Âîåííûé Îêðóã (ÌÂÎ) Moscow Military District

    • Commanded by a colonel-general with main headquarters in Moscow as 1 of 6 military districts.
    • The Moscow Military District is comprised of armies; motorized rifle divisions and brigades; tank divisions; airborne divisions; artillery divisions, brigades and regiment; SAM brigades; separate helicopter regiments and squadrons, and district training centers. Group of Russian Forces in Moldavia is operationally subordinate with a separate motorized rifle brigade, SAM regiment, and separate helicopter detachment.

      • Ïðèâîëæñêî-Óðàëüñêèé Âîåííûé Îêðóã (ÏóðÂÎ) (ÏÐ-ÓÐÂÎ) Volga-Urals Military District

    • Commanded by a lieutenant-general with headquarters in Yekaterinburg as 1 of 6 military districts.
    • The Volga-Urals Military District is comprised of an army; motorized rifle divisions and separate regiment; tank division; artillery brigade and regiment; SAM brigade; separate helicopter regiments and squadrons; and district training centers.

      • Ñåâåðî-Êàâêàçñêèé Âîåííûé Îêðóã (ÑÊÂÎ) Northern Caucasus Military District

    • Commanded by a lieutenant-general with main HQ in Rostov-na-Donu as 1 of 6 military districts.
    • The Northern Caucasus Military District is comprised of an army; motorized rifle divisions, brigades and regiment; airborne division; artillery brigades; SAM brigades and regiment; rocket-propelled artillery regiment, brigades, and battalion; antitank artillery regiments; helicopter regiments and squadron.

      • Ñèáèðñêèé Âîåííûé Îêðóã (ÑèáÂÎ) Siberian Military District

    • Commanded by a lieutenant-general with main headquarters in Chita as 1 of 6 military districts.
    • The Siberian Military District is comprised of armies; motorized divisions and brigades; tank divisions; airborne brigade; artillery divisions, brigades, and regiment; SAM brigades; separate helicopter regiments; and district training centers.

      • RUSSIAN GROUND FORCES HIGHLIGHTS

      Ñóõîïóòíûå âîéñêà (ÑÂ)
      Ground Forces (SV)

    • The Ground Forces are commanded by a colonel-general with main headquarters in Moscow.
    • They are located in six military districts consisting of nine armies and one army corps with the following components: motorized rifle (MR), tank, rocket, artillery, air defense (AD), motor vehicle, intelligence, communications, electronic warfare (EW), engineers, chemical-biological-radiological (CBR) defense, logistics, as well as military units and rear services installations.

    • Equipment includes:

    • main battle tanks (MBT) [ÎÁÒ] [T-90],

    • light tanks (LT) [ËÒ],

    • infantry fighting vehicles (IFV) [ÁÌÏ],

    • armored personnel carriers (APC) [ÁÒÐ],

    • towed artillery (TA) [ÁÀ],

    • self-propelled artillery (SPA) [ÑÀÓ],

    • antiaircraft artillery (AAA) [ÇÀ],

    • multiple rocket launchers (MRL) [ÌÏÓ/ÌÐÓ],

    • mortars,

    • antitank guided missiles (ATGM) [ÏÒÓÐ],

    • man-portable antiaircraft systems (MANPADS) [ÏÇÐÊ], and

    • surface-to-air missiles (SAM) [ÇÓÐ].

      • RUSSIAN NAVY HIGHLIGHTS

      Âîåííî-ìîðñêîé ôëîò (ÂÌÔ)
      Navy (VMF)

    • The Russian Navy (VMF) is commanded by an admiral with main headquarters in Moscow.
    • Naval forces are comprised of the Baltic Fleet, Black Sea Fleet, Northern Fleet, and Pacific Ocean Fleet, as well as the Caspian, Kamchatka and Kola Sea Flotillas.

    • Naval assets include:

    • one aircraft carrier cruiser (CV) [ÀÊÐ] Admiral Kuznetsov (Àäìèðàë Êóçíåöîâ);

    • Delta III/IV, Typhoon and Borey class nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines (SSBN) [ÏËÀÐÁ];

    • Oscar class nuclear-powered cruise missile submarines (SSGN) [ÏËÀÐÊ];

    • Akula, Sierra and Victor III class fast attack submarines (SSN) [ÏËÀÏ];

    • Kilo class diesel-electric hunter-killer submarines (SSK) [ÄÝÏË];

    • Kirov class guided missile cruisers (CG) [ÐÊÐ];

    • Sovremennyy and Udaloy class guided missile destroyers (DDG) [ÐÊ];

    • Neustrashimyy class frigates (FFG) [Ô]; and

    • corvettes.

    • NOTE: Âîåííî-ìîðñêîé ôëîò (ÂÌÔ) is used to refer only to the Russian Navy. Âîåííî-ìîðñêèå ñèëû (ÂÌÑ) refers only to foreign navies.

      • Áàëòèéñêèé ôëîò (ÁÔ)
      Baltic Fleet (BF)

    • The Baltic Fleet is commanded by a vice-admiral with headquarters in Kaliningrad.
    • It consists of a surface ship division which includes a surface ship brigade, destroyers, and missile patrol boats; amphibious assault ship brigade; amphibious assault ship division; offshore defense force brigade comprised of small ASW ships and minesweepers; missile patrol boat brigade; missile patrol boat division; intelligence collection ship division; rescue ship division; and ship construction and repair brigade.

      • Ñåâåðíûé ôëîò (ÑÔ)
      Northern Fleet (NF)

    • The Northern Fleet is commanded by a vice-admiral with headquarters in Severomorsk.
    • It consists of two nuclear submarine squadrons; operational Atlantic squadron comprised of heavy nuclear-powered guided missile cruisers, guided missile cruiser, destroyers, and large ASW ships.

      • Òèõîîêåàíñêèé ôëîò (ÒÎÔ)
      Pacific Ocean Fleet (TOF)

    • The Pacific Ocean Fleet is commanded by a vice-admiral with headquarters in Vladivostok.
    • It consists of a nuclear submarine squadron; a maritime flotilla comprised of a heavy aircraft carrier cruiser, guided missile cruiser, and destroyers; ASW ship brigade; amphibious assault ship brigade, diesel submarine brigade, surface missile ship brigade, small ASW ship division, intelligence collection ship brigade, and support ship brigade.

      • ×åðíîìîðñêèé ôëîò (×Ô)
      Black Sea Fleet (ChF)

    • The Black Sea Fleet is commanded by a vice-admiral with headquarters in Sevastopol’.
    • It consists of a surface vessel division which includes an ASW ship brigade comprised of the “Moskva” (Ìîñêâà) guided missile cruiser, large ASW ships, and missile patrol boats; amphibious assault ship brigade comprised of large amphibious assault ships and separate submarine division; offshore defense ship brigade comprised of small ASW ships and small minesweepers; missile patrol boat brigade; intelligence collection ship brigade; ship repair brigade; and fleet support brigade.

      • Êàì÷àòñêàÿ (âîåííàÿ) ôëîòèëèÿ (ÊÂÔ)
      Kamchatka (Military) Flotilla (KVF)

    • The Kamchatka (Military) Flotilla consists of a diesel submarine brigade, small missile patrol boat division, offshore defense force brigade comprised of small ASW ships and minesweepers, intelligence collection ship brigade, and other support and supply ships.

      • Êàñïèéñêàÿ ôëîòèëèÿ (ÊàÔ)
      Caspian Sea Flotilla (KaF)

    • The Caspian Sea Flotilla is commanded by a rear-admiral with headquarters in Astrakhan’.
    • It consists of an offshore defense ship brigade comprised of a missile ship, missile patrol boats, and small combatant craft; and offshore defense brigade comprised of a minesweeper brigade; support ship brigade; rescue ship division; hydrographic ship division; separate coastal missile division; and surface-effects craft storage base.

      • Êîëüñêàÿ ôëîòèëèÿ (ÊîÔ)
      Kola Sea Flotilla (KoF)

    • The Kola Sea Flotilla consists of an amphibious assault ship brigade, submarine brigade, missile patrol boat brigade, offshore defense force brigade, minesweeper brigade, small coastal minesweeper brigade, intelligence collection ship brigade, and support brigade.

      • RUSSIAN AIR FORCE HIGHLIGHTS

      Âîåííî-âîçäóøíûå ñèëû (ÂÂÑ)
      Air Forces (VVS)

    • The Air Force is commanded by a colonel-general with headquarters in the Moscow suburb Zarya.
    • It consists of the Moscow Region Air Force and Air Defense Operational-Strategic Command, eight large operational-strategic formations (armies), and approximately twenty operational-tactical combined units (divisions and corps).
    • It is comprised of three components: Aviation (long-range, frontal/tactical, military transport, army), SAM troops, and ELINT troops.
    • Special Troops include intelligence, electronic warfare (EW), combat engineer, chemical-biological-radiological (CBR) troops, logistical support troops, communications troops, ELINT support troops, automated C2 troops, and balloon troops.

    • Aircraft types include the following:

    • TACTICAL FIGHTERS: air superiority = Su-27 [Flanker] and MiG-29 [Fulcrum]; close air support/interdiction = Su-24 [Fencer], Su-25 [Frogfoot] and Su-30 [Flanker-C]; fighter-bomber = Su-24M [Fencer D] and Su-34 [Fullback]; interceptor = MiG-25 [Foxbat] and MiG-31M [Foxhound B]; multirole fighter = MiG-29SM [Fulcrum-D], MiG-35D, Su-33 [Flanker-D], Su-35 [Flanker-E] and Su-37 [Flanker-F];

    • STRATEGIC BOMBERS: Tu-22M [Backfire], Tu-95MS [Bear] and Tu-160M [Blackjack];

    • TRANSPORTS: Il-76 [Candid], Il-112V, An-12 [Cub], An-22 [Cock], An-26 [Curl], An-72 [Coaler] and An-124 [Condor];

    • TANKERS: Il-78 [Midas];

    • AWACS/EW/RECONNAISSANCE/AIRBORNE COMMAND POST: Beriev A-50 [Mainstay], Il-80, Il-22 [Coot], An-12 [Cub], An-26 [Curl], MiG-25R [Foxbat B/D], Mi-8 [Hip], Mi-24 [Hind], Mi-26 [Halo] and Su-24 [Fencer E/F];

    • ATTACK HELICOPTERS: Ka-50 [Hokum], Ka-52 [Hokum-B], Mi-24 [Hind] and Mi-28 [Havoc];

    • TRANSPORT HELICOPTER: Ka-60, Mi-8 [Hip] and Mi-26 [Halo];

    • TRAINERS: Su-25, Yak-130 and L-39.

      • NOTE: Russian Air Defense Forces (PVO) [Âîéñêà ïðîòèâîâîçäóøíîé îáîðîíû (ÏÂÎ)] were integrated with the Russian Air Forces in 1998.

      RUSSIAN STRATEGIC ROCKET FORCES (SRF) HIGHLIGHTS

      Ðàêåòíûå âîéñêà ñòðàòåãè÷åñêîãî íàçíà÷åíèÿ (ÐÂÑÍ)
      (RVSN) Strategic Rocket Forces (SRF)

    • The Strategic Rocket Forces are commanded by a lieutenant-general with main headquarters in the Moscow suburb Kuntsevo.
    • They consist of three missile armies which include eleven missile divisions, munitions depots, and military support units.

      ICBMs include the following:

    • SS-18 (Satan) [“Voyevoda” with MIRVs (ÐÃ× ÈÍ)],

    • SS-19 (Stilleto) [UR-100N with MIRVs],

    • SS-25 (Sickle) [“Topol’” with single warhead],

    • SS-27 (Stalin) [“Topol’-M” with single warhead] and

    • RS-24 [“Topol’-M” with MIRVs].

      • RUSSIAN SPACE FORCES HIGHLIGHTS

      Êîñìè÷åñêèå âîéñêà (ÊÂ)
      Space Forces (KV)

    • Space Forces are commanded by a major-general with headquarters in Moscow.
    • Space Forces were integrated with Strategic Rocket Forces in 2001.
    • Space Forces consist of a missile and space defense army comprised of a missile attack warning division with separate communications centers;
    • an ABM defense division comprised of a command and computer facility, ABM launch sites, and separate communications facilities;
    • a division for monitoring outer space;
    • the Main Test and Control Experimental Center for Space Systems;
    • ÃËÎÍÀÑÑ (GLONASS) GPS;
    • command and tracking facilities;
    • telemetry monitoring stations; and
    • space centers at Plesetsk and Svobodnyy in the Russian Federation, as well as Baikonur on lease in Kazakhstan.

      • RUSSIAN AIRBORNE FORCES HIGHLIGHTS

      Âîçäóøíî-äåñàíòíûå âîéñêà (ÂÄÂ)
      Airborne Forces (VDV)

    • Airborne Forces are commanded by a lieutenant-general with headquarters in Moscow.
    • They were designated as a separate service in 1991 directly under the Ministry of Defense (MOD) to provide quicker response to contingencies.
    • Airborne Forces consists of four airborne divisions, a separate airborne brigade, a separate special-purpose regiment, a separate communications regiment, a training center, a separate helicopter squadron, intelligence and logistical support troops.

    • Organic equipment includes:

    • airborne infantry fighting vehicles (AIFV) (ÁÌÄ),

    • armored personnel carriers (APC) (ÁÒÐ),

    • self-propelled artillery guns (ÑÀÓ), and

    • self-propelled mortars (ÑÌ).

      • RUSSIAN MILITARY RANKS & GRADES
      ARMY/AIR FORCE NAVY U.S. EQUIVALENT
      Ãåíåðàë àðìèè (General of the Army) Àäìèðàë Ôëîòà (Fleet Admiral) generally equivalent to U.S. grade O-10
      Ãåíåðàë-Ïîëêîâíèê (Colonel General) Àäìèðàë (Admiral) generally equivalent to U.S. grade O-9
      Ãåíåðàë-Ëåéòåíàíò (Lieutenant General) Âèöå-Àäìèðàë (Vice Admiral) generally equivalent to U.S. grade O-8
      Ãåíåðàë-Ìàéîð (Major General) Êîíòð-Àäìèðàë (Rear Admiral) generally equivalent to U.S. grade O-7
      Ïîëêîâíèê (Colonel) Êàïèòàí 1-îãî Ðàíãà (Captain First Rank) generally equivalent to U.S. grade O-6
      Ïîäïîëêîâíèê (Lieutenant Colonel) Êàïèòàí 2-îãî Ðàíãà (Captain Second Rank) generally equivalent to U.S. grade O-5
      Ìàéîð (Major) Êàïèòàí 3-åãî Ðàíãà (Captain Third Rank) generally equivalent to U.S. grade O-4
      Êàïèòàí (Captain) Êàïèòàí-Ëåéòåíàíò (Captain-Lieutenant) generally equivalent to U.S. grade O-3
      Ñòàðøèé Ëåéòåíàíò (Senior Lieutenant) Ñòàðøèé Ëåéòåíàíò (Senior Lieutenant) generally equivalent to U.S. grade O-2
      Ëåéòåíàíò (Lieutenant) Ëåéòåíàíò (Lieutenant) generally equivalent to U.S. grade O-1
      Ìëàäøèé Ëåéòåíàíò (Junior Lieutenant) Ìëàäøèé Ëåéòåíàíò (Junior Lieutenant) no equivalent U.S. grade
      Ñòàðøèé Ïðàïîðùèê (Senior Warrant Officer) Ñòàðøèé Ìè÷ìàí (Senior Warrant Officer) generally equivalent to U.S. grades W-3/W-4
      Ïðàïîðùèê (Warrant Officer) Ìè÷ìàí (Warrant Officer) generally equivalent to U.S. grades W-1/W-2
      Ñòàðøèíà (Sergeant Major) Ãëàâíûé Êîðàáåëüíûé Ñòàðøèíà (Master/Senior Chief Petty Officer generally equivalent to U.S. grades E-8/E-9
      Ñòàðøèé Ñåðæàíò (Senior Sergeant) Ãëàâíûé Ñòàðøèíà (Chief Petty Officer) generally equivalent to U.S. grades E-6/E-7
      Ñåðæàíò (Sergeant) Ñòàðøèíà 1-îé Ñòàòüè (Petty Officer First Class) generally equivalent to U.S. grades E-5/E-6
      Ìëàäøèé Ñåðæàíò (Junior Sergeant) Ñòàðøèíà 2-îé Ñòàòüè (Petty Officer Second Class) generally equivalent to U.S. grades E-4/E-5
      NONE Ñòàðøèíà 3-åé Ñòàòüè (Petty Officer Third Class) generally equivalent to U.S. grades E-3/E-4
      Åôðåéòîð (Private First Class) Ñòàðøèé Ìàòðîñ (Senior Seaman) generally equivalent to U.S. grades E-2/E-3
      Ðÿäîâîé (Private) Ìàòðîñ (Seaman) generally equivalent to U.S. grade E-1

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